[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.lnkm.cz\/co-vime-o-bankovnictvi\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.lnkm.cz\/co-vime-o-bankovnictvi\/","headline":"Co v\u00edme o bankovnictv\u00ed","name":"Co v\u00edme o bankovnictv\u00ed","description":"Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed jsou pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed transfery pod dohledem centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky. Ta m\u016f\u017ee podporovat rozvoj bankovn\u00edch instituc\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00edch, kter\u00e9 mohou nab\u00fdt p\u016fsobnosti univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry specializovan\u00e9, nap\u0159. na oblasti investi\u010dn\u00edho bankovnictv\u00ed nebo na poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb ob\u010dan\u016fm, co\u017e je prim\u00e1rn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem spo\u0159itelen. Specializace bank je dobrovoln\u00e1, ale v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch b\u00fdv\u00e1 d\u00e1na t\u00e9\u017e z\u00e1konem. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky spravuj\u00ed zlat\u00e9 a devizov\u00e9 rezervy<br><br><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lnkm.cz\/co-vime-o-bankovnictvi\/\">\u010c\u00edst v\u00edce<\/a>","datePublished":"2023-04-28","dateModified":"2023-04-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.lnkm.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"lnkm.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.lnkm.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/093836c6bc976bea6a4c3cd39f9136c261430c33201aa865249fef2be34e3fdb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/093836c6bc976bea6a4c3cd39f9136c261430c33201aa865249fef2be34e3fdb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"lnkm.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"url":"https:\/\/www.lnkm.cz\/co-vime-o-bankovnictvi\/","about":["Business"],"wordCount":572,"articleBody":"Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed jsou pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed transfery pod dohledem centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky. Ta m\u016f\u017ee podporovat rozvoj bankovn\u00edch instituc\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00edch, kter\u00e9 mohou nab\u00fdt p\u016fsobnosti univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry specializovan\u00e9, nap\u0159. na oblasti investi\u010dn\u00edho bankovnictv\u00ed nebo na poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb ob\u010dan\u016fm, co\u017e je prim\u00e1rn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem spo\u0159itelen. Specializace bank je dobrovoln\u00e1, ale v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch b\u00fdv\u00e1 d\u00e1na t\u00e9\u017e z\u00e1konem.Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky spravuj\u00ed zlat\u00e9 a devizov\u00e9 rezervy st\u00e1tu a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nedostate\u010dn\u00fdch rezerv poskytuj\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky bank\u00e1m komer\u010dn\u00edm. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky se sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvat k\u00a0r\u016fstu zam\u011bstnanosti a ke stabilit\u011b cen t\u00edm, \u017ee prov\u00e1d\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pro regulaci m\u011bnov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, nap\u0159.:&#8211; \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed bankovky, obchoduj\u00ed s\u00a0cenn\u00fdmi pap\u00edry, pod\u00edlej\u00ed se na spr\u00e1v\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00edho dluhu&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 poskytuj\u00ed rady vl\u00e1d\u00e1m ohledn\u011b inflace, \u00farokov\u00fdch m\u011br \u010di sm\u011bnn\u00fdch kurz\u016f&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 zasahuj\u00ed do pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch trh\u016f pro stabilizaci kurzu tuzemsk\u00e9 m\u011bny\u00a0Komer\u010dn\u00ed banky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pobo\u010dek obsluhuj\u00ed klienty, kte\u0159\u00ed zde disponuj\u00ed sv\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dty.&#8211;\u00a0 p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed vklady, poskytuj\u00ed \u00fav\u011bry, nab\u00edzej\u00ed sm\u011bn\u00e1rensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby&#8211;\u00a0 rozv\u00edjej\u00ed distribu\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly pro pohodln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd styk s\u00a0bankou 24 hodin denn\u011b&#8211;\u00a0 funguj\u00ed jako podnikatelsk\u00e9 subjekty; jejich \u00fa\u010delem je dosa\u017een\u00ed zisku&#8211;\u00a0 zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed se bu\u010f na individu\u00e1ln\u00ed klienty, nebo podnikov\u00e9 subjekty\u00a0Investi\u010dn\u00ed banky nem\u00edvaj\u00ed plo\u0161n\u011b rozvinutou s\u00ed\u0165 pobo\u010dek ani nep\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed vklady od ve\u0159ejnosti.\u00d8\u00a0 obchoduj\u00ed s\u00a0akciemi a obligacemi, upisuj\u00ed jejich emise, tedy p\u0159islibuj\u00ed odkoupen\u00ed neprodan\u00fdch akci\u00ed \u010di obligac\u00ed\u00a0Univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed banky spojuj\u00ed funkci investi\u010dn\u00edch a komer\u010dn\u00edch bank.v\u00a0 p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed vklady od ve\u0159ejnosti i podnik\u016f, poskytuj\u00ed \u00fav\u011bry, obchoduj\u00ed s\u00a0cenn\u00fdmi pap\u00edryv\u00a0 nab\u00edzej\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed aktiv (\u00fa\u010dty v\u00a0ciz\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b, kapit\u00e1l, akcie, obligace\u2026) \u010di finan\u010dn\u00ed poradenstv\u00ed\u00a0V\u00a060. letech 20. stolet\u00ed za\u010daly banky zakl\u00e1dat zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed a pobo\u010dky. Dnes je masov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost zahrani\u010dn\u00edch komer\u010dn\u00edch bank ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech m\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem postaven\u00ed dan\u00e9 zem\u011b ve sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomice. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed banky b\u00fdvaj\u00ed naz\u00fdv\u00e1ny velkobankami; jejich klienty jsou finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce, velk\u00e9 firmy a vl\u00e1dn\u00ed agentury. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sm\u011bnek a dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed dovoz\u016f, v\u00fdvoz\u016f, poskytuj\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dky zahrani\u010dn\u00ed klientele a obchoduj\u00ed na sv\u011btov\u00fdch pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch trz\u00edch.V\u00a060. letech 20. stolet\u00ed byly nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ve sv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku americk\u00e9 banky. D\u00edky vysok\u00e9 produktivit\u011b v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu 80. let v\u00fdrazn\u011b pos\u00edlily japonsk\u00e9 bankovn\u00ed instituce a po hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 recesi v\u00a0Japonsku v\u00a090. letech op\u011btn\u011b dominovaly americk\u00e9 banky. V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 bankovn\u00ed instituce jsou tak\u00e9 ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, Francii, \u0160v\u00fdcarsku a v\u00a0\u010c\u00edn\u011b.Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky se \u0159ad\u00ed Federal Reserve Board ve Washingtonu, Bank of England v\u00a0Lond\u00fdn\u011b nebo Deutsche Bundesbank ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem. Bank of England zalo\u017eilo v\u00a017. stolet\u00ed 1268 obchodn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed poskytli zdroje v\u00a0objemu 1,2 milionu liber kr\u00e1li Vil\u00e9mu III. na financov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1lky s\u00a0Franci\u00ed. Kr\u00e1l tento \u00fav\u011br spl\u00e1cel s\u00a0osmiprocentn\u00edm \u00farokem.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         4\/5 - (3 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Co v\u00edme o bankovnictv\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.lnkm.cz\/co-vime-o-bankovnictvi\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]